Village Power - The Community Charging Station
Summary
Energy is vital for the development process of any community, region or country. As the United Nations Development Programme has stated, "providing the poor with access to clean, modern, affordable energy services has multiple, synergistic impacts on productivity, education, health, and gender equality... for the poorest people and countries, small, incremental increases in access to modern energy have led to dramatic gains in HDI [human development]."[1]
This idea utilises a centralised charging station, powered by solar electricity, to provide energy to underserviced, rural communities. Charging stations will be owned and operated by the community with technical support from Energy For Opportunity (EFO). Contrary to previous solar interventions that focussed on small, individual home systems, this model allows for unique products and solutions to be developed that meet the full spectrum of community needs. A for-profit model will be utilised that creates livelihoods opportunities and a revenue stream that can be used by the community for system expansion and maintenance or other community projects.
This idea builds upon EFO's prize winning idea from the first round of the ARC contest, titled, "Create a solar powered energy revolution across West Africa." EFO's first round idea offered a broad concept of EFO's work, while this idea is an expansion of a specific EFO programme area: "solar power at the community level", and offers a specific budget, implementation strategy and business plan.
Needs Assessment
According to the 2005 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for Sierra Leone, only 8.5% of households listed electricity as the main source of light, with the majority of these households located in the major urban centres.[2] Current government plans to expand grid access are dedicated to increasing supply for the capital, Freetown, and rural electrification efforts are focussed on district headquarter towns and not the outlying rural areas. This lack of short or even medium term access to electricity will continue to hinder rural development opportunities.
Modern forms of electricity can go a long way in alleviating financial and physical burdens in Sierra Leone's rural areas, while offering a wealth of new opportunities. The presence of solar power in households reduces the need for kerosene and disposable batteries, which represent a financial burden on families, supply inferior lighting and can prove to be hazardous. Mobile phones can be regularly recharged, offering small-scale farmers broader connections for the selling of their produce and information about prices. While funds can also be raised at the village level thus offering opportunities for the widespread community growth and development.
Required Resources
The required resources for this project can be split into two categories; financial and human.
1) Financial resources - The exact requirements will be determined by the initial sizing of the system which is determined by both overall village size and initial 'connection' rates. A typical initial installation will be roughly 500-700W of installed capacity, costing between US$7500 and US$10500. This allows for community lighting and other charging facilities and an additional ten (10) households to be 'connected', either by direct connections or through battery charging options. If additional funds are available they can be utilised to purchase inventory such as low energy light bulbs, rechargeable lanterns, deep cycle batteries and small inverters, which can be sold for a small profit.
2) Human resources - Community members will be active in every aspect of the system development and operations. It is critical to the long term viability of the charging station that community members are involved and understand the design, development, installation and maintenance of the system.
Business Case
Target communities will typically be smaller than one-hundred (100) households and marketing campaigns are not required to develop product interest. The largest challenge for this type of venture is introducing the new technology of solar power, as it requires a different way of using energy compared to generators or kerosene lanterns, which are the most familiar technologies in these communities. This is achieved through ongoing interactions between EFO and the community throughout the system development process and examples learned from initial implementers.
A critical aspect of this idea's development and implementation relies of the ability of the charging station to generate revenue for the community, which allows for the system to be maintained and expanded. The exact make-up of the revenue stream depends on the products required by the community. These revenues will generally come from the following sources:
Plan and Execution
EFO staff have previous experience developing this concept while working with the Sierra Leone based organization the Environmental Foundation for Africa (www.efasl.org.uk). Through this work many of the implementation and operational issues have been identified and countermeasures developed. The most important project activities are as follow:
The ultimate goal of the operating philosophy is to create a sustainable enterprise that is managed, maintained and expanded by the community. However, experience also has shown that this cannot be achieved instantly due to the technical nature of the concept. Due to this, EFO will be an active stakeholder in the project operations for an extended period of time after the initial implementation has been completed. Any costs for this support will be drawn from the revenue stream but must be minimised to ensure benefits remain within the community.
Real World Impact
Each system is dedicated to a single community and will serve all members of the community. It is difficult to estimate how quickly community members will begin to participate in the programme and it will depend on their own product choices.
As an example and based on a conservative expansion rate of fifteen (15) households per six (6) month period all community members can be connected to the system within three (3) years. This is a conservative rate based on low end estimates of revenues and full connectivity may occur much more quickly. It is also important to note that some benefits such as phone charging will be provided to the entire community immediately.
[1] United Nations Development Programme. The Sustainable Difference: Energy and Environment to Achieve the MGDs. (New York: UNDP, 2005) http://www.undp.org/energyandenvironment/sustainabledifference/PDFs/SustainableDifference.pdf page 16,17
[2] Government of Sierra Leone. Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper-2005. (Freetown: Government of Sierra Leone, 2005)
titowooten said 5 months ago
For more information about this project please contact me at simon@energyforopportunity.org or take a look at our website, www.energyforopportunity.org
KUdesign said 3 months ago
Hello, we are students in the 2009/10 Industrial Design class at Kansas University in Lawrence Kansas USA. We are interested in applying socially directed design to make meaningful contributions to solving everyday problems faced by the majority of people in our world today. We are offering our collaboration as design students to contribute to this IDEA and assist in advancing its presentation or implementation in some way. Inspired by the problem statement posted we have ideas and questions we hope can be clarified by collaborative input from those of you who are experts in your field or have lived or observed the condition the IDEA intends to resolve. Here are some of the initial questions we would like some help with:
-What would be the longevity of battery life? (Also, how many volts? and would it be a danger?)
-How heavy are the proposed battery packs including a carrying case? and what would be the greatest distance traveled with the pack?
-We believe that it could be beneficial to place the solar panels and battery packs near other main points of interest in the community such as the school or main water source, would there be any serious repercussions to house them in these locations? what would the negative aspects be?
-What it the local monetary/exchange system? Does it have any unique requirements?
KUdesign said 3 months ago
This is our second post regarding your idea for the Village Power . We compiled some information from your Africa Connect Website. We know you want up to 700w of capacity for the unit and in order to do this a fairly large area of panels would be needed. Our idea is that access to the power station would be accomplished through some direct connections but mostly by a battery exchange system. The charging station would hold many battery packs that would charge during the day and can be swapped out by users when needed. The charging station would have a locking mechanism that would only allow a user to get a new pack after they have returned one. We think the unit should have a standalone structure to house everything so it does not have to rely on a preexisting structure. The charging station would be affixed to a pre existing structure that would allow the panels to be adjusted throughout the day to get the best sunlight. The exchange idea basically came from a concept of a library where you are checking out the battery source to allow extended hours of work, study, and light in general. We are also discussing permanent lighting for pathways and areas around the village.
Community members would be given access to purchasing a battery source that has different connector types for use with charging lamps, powering home lighting or charging devices such as cell phones. The battery pack could be used to charge another device to be used elsewhere. By using lower voltage low amp drawing lighting the system could give power access to many families. A lamp our class looked into that already exists is the Nova. http://dlightdesign.com/product_nova.html This lamp gives light to its users for an extended amount of time into the night to continue productivity. By having our charging station and additional packs activity can be maintained until much later in the night. Another source we found information at was http://www.energyforopportunity.org/projects/development-and-livelihoods... . This organization is attempting to accomplish something very similar to what you are doing.
Our main questions that need addressed:
Is there a certain type of panels you use? Dimensions?
Is the nova light a viable option for what you want for this idea or would any led derived light work?
What voltage panels do you typically use or plan to use? 12v or 18v or something else?
We know that higher voltage panels create less amp draw from the panel.
How heavy and how big are current battery packs that are being used? Also what is the typical capacity?
If we didn’t have a standalone charging station is there be any repercussions to building them into a school or close to a water source?
We figured we would have to have around 7 sq/ft to create 700w of capacity, are we correct?
Relevant Links
http://www.energyforopportunity.org/projects/development-and-livelihoods...
---states the basic purpose ( the why--more eloquently states what we know, would be beneficial for us in our summary statement)
http://www.energyforopportunity.org/about/previous-projects/
---especially take a look at the Liberia project
http://dlightdesign.com/product_kiran.html
---this is the cheap portable lantern, it’s worth taking a look at.
titowooten said 3 months ago
My apologies to the KU Design team for the late reply on this, it has been a very hectic time for us here at Energy For Opportunity. Just to clarify we are the same organisation that you are discussing in your comments...so we are very pleased that our model is being referenced.
To go through all the questions from the two comments:
1) Battery life for the main charging system would be in the three to five year range. We would use GEL batteries as ongoing maintenance can be an issue, even with trained staff. costs will drive the battery selection for the household systems and we can expect a one year lifespan for those batteries. They would be 12V batteries.
2) A small, 10A motorcycle is only a few pounds and will keep 2, 5W light bulbs running for around 12 hours. We also have small car lighter receptacles that can go with this to allow home phone charging. A 50A-hr battery is around 30lbs and is light enough to be carried quite a distance. This can power bigger systems with televisions, dvd players, etc. The longest distance would depend on the village size, but we are looking at smaller communities where this wouldn't be an issue
3) We want to put the systems on a communal building so there is some form of direct community wide benefit. Schools are great, so are community centres. This helps considerably with security.
4) It is the Leone, the challenge is creating a small enough package size(ie how much) and still maintaining some function in the system and revenue for the operator.
5) We like to use larger panels as they are easier to work with. These systems are designed with 175W panels in mind and we have requested sponsorship from module manufacturers.
6) We are familiar with the NOVA light from our participation in the Lighting Africa programme. There are numerous portable lighting products like this all with their advantages and disadvantages. Finding the right one for the community is the challenge.
7) We use 24V nominal or higher panels and use an MPPT controller with step down function to get down to the battery bank voltage. This saves on voltage drop losses from the array. It is also easier to work with series connections on the array side.
8) Yes they do, another help in reducing voltage drop.
9) We are experimenting with batteries ranging from 10A-hr to 50a-hr.
10) I prefer not to use stand alone structure unless there is one dedicated owner. As mentioned we like the idea of some direct communal benefit and using a communal structure gives that and aids with security.
11) You will need around 10m2 or so of roof space. This depends on the spacing and other considerations on the roof. Every roof is different here so it is a bit variable.
Once again sorry for the delayed response. Thank you very much for your interest in the project and the Energy For Opportunity Programme in general. We look forward to collaborating on this further.
crystal_voa4sd said 1 month ago
I like your idea. I would also like to see if there is a way that we could team up and bring more than electric power to the people, but also knowledge. Our Rural Internet Kiosk has a power charging station although it is not as large as the one you are detailing. We could however increase the wattage to meet your requirements. Please take a look at http://www.voicesofafrica.org/ for more information. I look forward to collaborating with you in the future.
Many blessings,
Crystal Kigoni